closedsystems

Closed Systems:

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http://kmblogs.com/public/item/95607

"Mechanical systems are closed systems. "

www.systems-thinking.org/

??? Is the following true?

"Cybernetic systems are closed systems, largely unaffected by the environment where they reside. By its definition, a cybernetic system is an inappropriate representation of the complex processes that occur in organizations, and particularly the strategic decision making processes in organizations."

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt1ch4.html

"Closed systems are completely autonomous and independent of what is going on around them. Open systems exchange materials, energy and information with their environment."

http://www.effectingchange.luton.ac.uk/approaches_to_change/index.php?content=systemsthinking